Parents and caregivers have a rich, almost innate, sense of their child's relationship with numbers. You can get a quick idea of where your child stands with just a few simple prompts:

 

• Give them two numbers and ask which is greater.
• Say a number, then ask for a bigger number, a much bigger number, and a smaller number.
• Ask what number precedes a decade number, like 30 or 40. Also ask what comes after.
• Give two numbers (like 2 and 20) and ask them to estimate what is halfway between.
• Observe how they add up totals on dice.
• When you're out an about, regularly point out a number you see and ask what the number is (this is to assess place value). 
• Ask simple money questions about combining change or making change.
• Ask straightforward questions about time: What's 20 minutes before 4:00? How long will we be at the party? How many days until your birthday?
• See if they can add or subtract 10 or 100 from given values, like, "What's 100 more than 121?" or, "What's ten less than 74?"

 

For students in second grade or higher, nearly all of these tasks should come easily. If you notice difficulties, you'll want to proceed to more formalized assessments like the ones below.

 

Panamath is a good place to start. It assesses approximate number system skills through a quick series of dot estimation tests.

 

DySc Screener is offered through the company that sells TouchMath. The test takes about ten minutes, but the site states that "DySc screener is not a comprehensive assessment tool and is not intended to diagnose dyscalculia."